Hill Farming

00:00:02thank you
thank you

00:00:03la' mala ena' uih edto kinih keyh
today I'm going to talk

00:00:06nemulud lem ayu' kapeh ideh naru' lati' luun malem
about how people farmed hill paddy in the past

00:00:10kayu' ngi let Ngimain, Pa' Main kamih Bario
like, we are from Ngimain, Pa' Main

00:00:13kamih lun Pa' Main bubuh mey Bario
and we from Pa Main moved to Bario

00:00:18ngi nangey malem, naru' lati' luun kamih
but in the past, we practiced hill farming there

00:00:22lati' luun kedeh keyh
they call them hill farms

00:00:24tu'en deh, kayu' pulung ih, tu'en deh nebpu'
like in the forest, they cut the grass

00:00:30en deh lemidik kayuh dari liang kayuh merar
they cut down the small shrubs under the big trees

00:00:34pengeh neh tu'en deh nepbeng kayuh merar ih
then they cut down the big trees

00:00:36en deh ngareg-ngareg neh da'an ih kineh
and remove all the branches

00:00:40tu'en deh nedteh nidih kineh luun tana' ih
they leave it like that on the ground

00:00:43paad lem tuda' kendadan
for a certain period of time

00:00:45na'it idih pering, matey, tekering
and wait for everything to be dry and dead

00:00:50mey neh lem bulan tudu' keh bulan waluh kayu' ineh ih
that takes them until July or August or so

00:00:54pengeh, na'it edto ih doo', doo' rikan
afterwards, they wait for the the weather to be good and dry

00:00:59pengeh tekering neh da'un, da'an ih beruh
and for the leaves and branches to be nice and dry as well

00:01:03tu'en deh nutud nidih
then they burn it

00:01:04nutud let edteh kanan tuda' burur deh perenga' keyh
several people start the burning from different places

00:01:08let lipa pedingi edteh
one from this side

00:01:10let ngi pelai edteh
another from outside the area

00:01:12let pela'ud kineh keyh
another from down stream

00:01:13tuda' kanan ngi
from a few different places

00:01:15doo' teh apui lit kinih mey lemuned ih keyh
so that the fire goes to the middle

00:01:19ngeseb lati' sineh
to burn the field

00:01:21pengeh ineh na'an, en deh...
after that they...

00:01:23tak idih...
if it's...

00:01:24beruh-beruh tidih senutud
just after it has been burned

00:01:26tu'en deh nibu neh kayu' deley
they plant things like corn

00:01:30deley nibu lem tana' sineh
they plant corn in the ground

00:01:33ngineh tideh nibu nuk kayu' kerid simun mey nuk beken
and they also plant cucumber and other things as well

00:01:39kineh
it's like that

00:01:40kadi' nideh itung ko'
so they plant other things

00:01:42mudan ieh na'an neh
if it rains later

00:01:44mula' na'an kerid atau sibu nuk mulun ih
then many types of vegetables or plants will grow

00:01:48tak kayu' deley, sineh doo' pian narih ngilad
like corn, I really liked that one back then

00:01:51merar beto' deley
when the corn was fully-grown

00:01:52mey neh narih ngalap deley
then I went to pick corn

00:01:54tu'en narih nunuh nidih lem kulit ih keyh
and I barbequed it in the skin

00:01:57ataupun ideh memug kulit
or they take the skin off

00:01:59nanek idih
and boil it

00:02:00neh neh kenen narih ngilad
and that's what I used to eat in the past

00:02:02neh edteh masa nuk doo' sekenan narih
that's a time that I remember well

00:02:06doo' teh
it was good

00:02:07mey teh narih nuk madi' ih maya' deh
we young ones used to go with them

00:02:09am teh narih mey sekolah beto' keyh
we weren't going to school at that time

00:02:11mey neh narih maya' deh
we went with them

00:02:13am teh narih pitung edto ma'it idang
we weren't put off by hot days

00:02:16maya' tupu, kineh
we just went with them, like that

00:02:18pengeh ineh na'an
after that

00:02:20pengeh ideh nenu'an, kayu' ineh ih
after they had made holes for the seeds

00:02:23tu'en deh na'it kedi'it
they waited a while

00:02:25na'it padey mulun
for the paddy to grow

00:02:27na'it deh kayu' kerid nuk senibu deh mulun
and waited for the vegetables that they had planted to grow

00:02:30kayu' deley keyh, simun, enun-enun
like corn, cucumber, whatever

00:02:33bua' tedtak, bua' tabuh, abi-abi na'an kerid
pumpkin, gourd, all the different vegetables

00:02:36mulun nideh
when they had grown

00:02:37pengeh ba'an nideh beruh
and were bearing fruit

00:02:39doo' narih inan nuk penguman deh keyh
then we had stuff to eat

00:02:41kereb tideh pesiwa
sometimes they would share

00:02:44iko nibu simun
you plant cucumber

00:02:45nibu enun kedieh
and he plants something else

00:02:47kereb teh narih pesiwa kineh
you could share like that

00:02:50pengeh ineh na'an neh, merar beto' padey
after that, when the paddy is bigger

00:02:54iuk tu'en deh sedia' nideh la' ngedeh la' inan bua' keyh
they prepare themselves for fruit to come

00:03:00lem batek kedeh ngen inih
they call it "lem batek" (in the stomach)

00:03:01inan bua', am tidih remuat beto'
when there is fruit but it hasn't come out yet

00:03:05pengeh remuat beto' burur padey let lem lawa, kineh, let lem batek ih
when the paddy fruit comes out from the stem, from the stomach

00:03:10tu'en muh jaga' neh beruh
then you look after it again

00:03:12inan manuk keyh la' kuman ih
there are birds that like to eat them

00:03:15kadi' nideh naru' ibal nuk belaan deh ko' perepak, derur, kayu' ineh ih
so they make "perepak", "derur" and things like that

00:03:24perepak sineh, tu'en deh tuda' kayuh lem lati' ih keyh
this "perepak" is when they put several sticks in the field

00:03:30en deh edteh kayuh tuped kinih keyh
and they put a stick upright like this

00:03:33kayu' bulu' sineh
that's a bamboo

00:03:34tu'en deh ngupa dih
they chop it in half

00:03:35tu'en deh nginat let ngi...
and they pull from...

00:03:37naru' edteh enun ken narih ngidih abet keyh
they put a rope

00:03:42let ngen kayuh sineh, let ngen bulu' sineh
from that stick, from that bamboo

00:03:46dueh kayuh kinih tu'en deh dteh bulu'
there are two sticks like this and they put a bamboo on top

00:03:48en deh nginat let ngi daan ngi
and they pull from the hut

00:03:50en muh nginat
you pull

00:03:52tak iko meliu dih kinih
if you let go like this

00:03:53pak kineh
it makes a "pak" noise

00:03:54adi' nideh mala dih ko' kayu' perepak, kayu' ineh keyh
that's why they call it "perepak"

00:03:58pemeta'ut manuk ih
it's used to scare the birds

00:04:01pemeta'ut kayu' enun teh kedeh ngen manuk, pirit
it's used to scare birds like sparrows

00:04:07manuk pirit tineh
they are sparrows

00:04:08doo' tideh am kuman padey, kayu' ineh ih
so they don't eat the paddy

00:04:10neh sekenan kedinarih lah
that's what I remember

00:04:14renga' narih ena' narih
from when we were young

00:04:15narih nuk madi' doo' pian mey maya'
we small ones really enjoyed going along

00:04:18pengeh ineh na'an, ba'an beto' kayu' bua' simun ko'
after that, when the cucumber plant is bearing fruit

00:04:21mey niko ngalap bua' simun kenen muh
you can go and pick it to eat

00:04:23kineh bua' tedtak, bua' tabuh, enun-enun kineh ko' kerid narih
the same for pumpkin, gourd, whatever your vegetables

00:04:27na'it niko paad lem bulan tuda' dih kekuh
you wait until what month is it again

00:04:33na'an neh, kaneh neh padey, ba'an neh padey keyh
then when the paddy is bearing fruit

00:04:39neh nideh... mo nuk kuwan kuh na'ah ih
then they... as I said before

00:04:41neh nideh la' naru' derur
then they make contraptions like "derur"

00:04:43pemuro pirit
to scare the birds away

00:04:45mey inan teh labo mey kuman padey
and there are also rats that eat paddy

00:04:49neh masa tu'uh ineh deh jaga' liteh lati' doo'-doo'
that's the time they really have to look after the fields well

00:04:53pengeh ineh na'an neh
after that

00:04:55lem bulan tuda' dih kekuh?
what month is it again?

00:04:57am beto', madi' men narih ngilad keyh
I don't remember, after all I was only young then

00:04:59am narih sekenan tu-tu'uh
I don't really remember

00:05:02pengeh beto' padey
when the paddy is ready

00:05:04bua' padey mirat kineh ko'
the paddy fruit appears

00:05:05merar beto' idih iuk-iuk
and when they get a bit bigger

00:05:06neh nideh, la' laak nideh
then they are almost ripe

00:05:09birar nideh kedi'it
and they are yellow

00:05:11iuk laak beto' idih
then in a bit they will be ripe

00:05:13laak ketuh beto' idih
when they are fully ripe

00:05:15neh nideh sedia' la' ranih, la' ranih
then people prepare to harvest

00:05:19merar lati' luun ngilad
hill farms were big in the past

00:05:21tak uih sekenan kayu' kamih nuk ngi Pa' Main ngilad
if I think about us in Pa' Main in the past

00:05:24doo' mula' pemaliu deh kedeh keyh
they often did "pemaliu" (communal work)

00:05:27"pemaliu" means kayu' lati', kayu' Florance
"pemaliu" means like Florance

00:05:31nih lati' ieh ih keyh
this is her farm

00:05:33am men ieh kereb naru' sebuleng keyh
and she can't do it all by herself

00:05:34mey neh ketiteh pemaliu
so the two of us will "pemaliu"

00:05:37mey kiteh ruyung neh kayu' nu'uh lati' nedih
we go with her and look after her farm

00:05:41temu'a keyh ataupun nu'an kayu' ineh ih
collect up branches for a bonfire and make holes for seeds, things like that

00:05:46pengeh neh na'an, mey neh teluh ngen diko ih
after that, the three of us go to yours

00:05:48ah kineh
that's how it is

00:05:49neh pemaliu
that's "pemaliu"

00:05:50pengeh ineh na'an, mey neh teluh ngen duih, kineh
after that the three of us go to mine

00:05:52kineh teh edteh lawey deh kereb nu'uh lati' deh nuk pelaba rayeh ih
this was one way they could look after farms that were very big

00:05:57pelaba merar ih keyh
that were very big

00:05:58kineh-kineh tideh medting inan deh ranih padey
that's what they do up to the harvest

00:06:03ranih sineh peh kineh
the harvest is also like that

00:06:07kadi' besibuh deh nuk la' ranih padey keyh
so the people who harvest do so quickly

00:06:10mula' men manuk, kayu' pirit ih, manuk beken
because there are lots of birds like sparrows and other birds

00:06:14la' kuman padey nuk pengeh laak nidih
that want to eat the ripe paddy

00:06:17kadi' nideh...
so that's why...

00:06:19mula' neh kayu' lemulun nuk ngi lem bawang sineh lah
there are lots of people like those in the same area

00:06:24tuda' burur kereb pemaliu kedeh nginih keyh, pemaliu
several people will do "pemaliu" as they call it

00:06:27kayu' teluh nih, tuda' burur beruh, mey neh tauh ranih
like us three and a few more, we would go to harvest

00:06:31pengeh tuda' edto kereb keyh, dueh teluh edto
after a few days time, two or three days

00:06:36um
um

00:06:37mey ranih kineh
we go and harvest

00:06:39kuma' deh ranih naru' nideh ebpa'
whilst they are harvesting they make drinks

00:06:41am ideh naru' ebpa' kayu' tauh naru' ebpa' kinih
they don't make them like we do today

00:06:44ebpa' teh keh ebpa' kopi
tea or coffee

00:06:46enun tebey' kedeh nginih malem keyh, Florance?
what did they call it in the past, Florance?

00:06:50naru' kayu' deh naru' ebpa' bua' kaber
like if they are making pineapple juice

00:06:52tu'en deh nanek bua' kaber
they boil the pineapple

00:06:54tu'en deh nanek ebpa' ih beruh
then they boil the water again

00:06:57naru' idih lem edteh angai
and put it in a jar

00:06:59en nebpa' idih
then they squeeze it

00:07:01doo' nieh kayu' juice lah
so that it's like juice

00:07:03hahaha
hahaha

00:07:04kineh, neh neh ebpa' rupen deh ideh nuk kerja kineh ih
so that's the sort of thing they drank whilst doing such work

00:07:08doo' deh ranih keh
whether they were harvesting

00:07:10doo' deh, enun peh kerja deh
or whatever their work was

00:07:12neh edteh
that's one thing

00:07:13am beto' ideh kuman, mirup ebpa' nuk na'am laak ih keyh
they don't drink juice which isn't boiled

00:07:17kineh ideh ngilad belaan deh ko' pemaliu
so that's how they were in the past when they did "pemaliu"

00:07:21pesiwa, pemaliu deh kedeh
they took it in turns or "pemaliu" as they called it

00:07:24pesiwa deh mey naru' kerja dedih
they took it in turns to do their work

00:07:28kineh nidih paad-paad lem tuda' ena' kerja nuk tu'en dedih keyh
that way they can do everything together

00:07:34paad idih ranih
up to the harvest

00:07:36en deh ripun nidih lem...
they store it in...

00:07:38doo' lun tauh malem keyh
we were very good in the past

00:07:39tu'en deh doo'-doo' teh lepo
they made good rice storages

00:07:42lepo, am tideh mala sineh sineh daan keyh, lepo
rice storage, they don't call it a hut but a rice storage

00:07:47ena' tidih, am idih luun tana'
it wasn't on the ground

00:07:50dita' tu'en deh teh diri keyh
they have it raised on poles

00:07:52tu'en deh neh edteh ulo ngi diri
they leave a stopper on the post

00:07:55doo' teh labo i'eyk am kereb umak keyh
so that rats can't climb up

00:07:58mey neh lem...
and get into...

00:07:59neh nideh naru' padey lem ineh
then they put the rice there

00:08:01pengeh ineh, pengeh neh sineh
after that, it's finished

00:08:04neh neh edteh laakan deh
that's the harvesting cycle

00:08:05edteh laak nideh pengeh ena'
a whole year's work

00:08:07tak ideh la' tupeh na'an keyh, tupeh padey dedih
if they want to pound their rice later

00:08:13en muh merurut nidih beruh
you get it down again

00:08:14nutu' mey luun ugam ngi luun tana' ngi
drop it onto the mat on the floor

00:08:17tu'en muh rumik nidih
then you separate the rice from the ear

00:08:19tu'en muh tunap nidih
then you winnow

00:08:20tu'en muh midang nidih
then you dry it

00:08:23tuda' ngetin lah, tuda' ugam
several tins, several mats

00:08:28pengeh ineh lau' beto' idih na'an
after that when it's hot

00:08:29tu'en narih tupeh nidih beruh
you pound it

00:08:31netebudto niko neh
and it takes the whole day

00:08:33tak ko let ngen iko itung ko tebudto ne
you can think of it as a whole day's work

00:08:36let lekedtang iko nu'uh padey mudih
from the early morning you work on your rice

00:08:38midang idih, tunap, midang
dry, winnow, dry

00:08:41pengeh ineh la' mapit medto, tupeh neh narih
after that when it is almost midday you pound

00:08:47tupeh neh paad inan muh pengeh keyh
pound until you have finished

00:08:51kineh, neh kerja sineh
like that, that's that job