Marking the Landscape

00:00:03keli' muh Bulan
do you know, Bulan

00:00:05tak ko ni'er maya' luun apad ngi keyh
if you look out over the moutain range there

00:00:10inan teh nuk midih nuk kayu' ena' ih tidih
there are some things that are like what is it?

00:00:15kayu' raki' luun apad sineh neh
like a cut on that mountain range

00:00:19ko' nuk rinaki' temengen ih tidih
it's like something that has been purposefully cut

00:00:22tu-tu'uh tineh rinaki' temengen meto'
and they were purposefully cut indeed

00:00:26ngadan nedih kawang
they are called "kawang"

00:00:29kawang ineh neh, inan raki' maya' luun apad ih senaru' lemulun
"kawang" is when there is a cut on the mountain range made by people

00:00:34senaru' lemulun ineh neh
it's man-made

00:00:36ngilad tak iko edteh lun ruyung
in the past if you had a family member

00:00:40edteh lun merar
or an elder

00:00:41tesineh, tetameh mudih nuk eleng-leng inan muh doo' buluh
like your mother or father, who you loved very much

00:00:46iko edteh lemulun nuk belaan deh ko' lun doo'
and you were someone that they called good people (i.e. high class)

00:00:50lemulun inan nuk midih ko
someone who had wealth

00:00:53lemulun doo' ileh ngelinuh
someone who was able to think

00:00:57neh niko la' mada' kapeh buluh mudih ngen lun uwan mudih
and you want to show your love for your parents

00:01:02neh niko la' mada' ngen abi-abi lemulun
then you want to show everyone

00:01:06mala "eyh leng-leng doo' pian tuih ngen duih lun uwen neh"
to say "I really love my parents"

00:01:11"leng-leng tu'en kuh ngedita' tideh"
"and I really want to honour them"

00:01:17"nih uih la' mada' buluh kudih" ngedeh"
"now I want to show my love for them"

00:01:19am tideh matey beto'
they are not yet dead

00:01:22kira keteng mulun tideh neh
they are still alive

00:01:24neh niko la' mada' kapeh buluh mudih ngedeh
and you want to show your love for them

00:01:28tu'en muh mada' ngen lemulun nih abi-abi
and you invite everyone

00:01:31naru' edteh bada' kerayeh tiko lem bawang tauh nih
you issue the invitation to everyone in the area

00:01:35mala "la' naru' edteh kawang uih ngen Tama' atau ngen Sina'"
saying, "I want to make a "kawang" for Dad or for Mum"

00:01:40"marih tauh naru' ih," kemuh ngedeh
"let's go and make it," you say to them

00:01:43sedia' niko
you prepare

00:01:45temina' niko ibal ena', ibal bera
you prepare some rice

00:01:51tu'en muh ngelaak
to cook

00:01:53temina' niko nuk penguman
you prepare some side dishes

00:01:56kayu' kerid pering
like dried green vegetables

00:02:00kayu' senamu' laam
like fermented fish

00:02:02kayu' labo belatuh
like smoked meat

00:02:07luang narar
smoked fish

00:02:13enun pidih nuk kereb taan nih lah
whatever could last

00:02:16temina' niko ineh
you prepare that

00:02:18temina' meto' iko ibal ena' meto', ibal burak lem belanai
and then you also prepare some rice wine in a big Chinese jar

00:02:26mula'-mula' teh belanai pakai muh
you will need lots of jars

00:02:28na'am belanai burur iko cukup
your jars alone won't be enough

00:02:30mey ngalap belanai let ngi beken tiko
you go and borrow jars from other people

00:02:33kineh teh nga' iko naru' irau mekaa' ngadan ih meto'
it's also like that when you have a feast like the name changing ceremony

00:02:39belanai burak mudih teh suk mula' ih
it's the rice wine jars that you need a lot of

00:02:42tak belanai burak burur iko na'am cukup
if you don't have enough rice wine jars

00:02:45mey niko mey mutuh let ngen lun beken pakai muh
you can go and ask to borrow them from other people

00:02:49tu'en muh muang nideh ngen burak
and you fill them with rice wine

00:02:52neh neh tu'en muh temina'
that's what you prepare

00:02:56neh niko nawar lemulun nih
then you call people

00:02:57mala, "mey tauh naru' edteh kawang ngen Tama'"
and say, "let's go and make a "kawang" for Dad"

00:03:00"mey tauh naru' edteh kawang ngen Sina',"
"let's make a "kawang" for Mum"

00:03:02edteh diweh lah
for one of them

00:03:05marih neh lemulun nih
so the people come

00:03:08naru' niko tarek ngedeh
and you set a date for them

00:03:10kayu' nuk belaan kudih
as I said before

00:03:11pakai tarek niko ngedeh
you use the date set for them

00:03:13kirim niko nuper
you send a rope

00:03:16inan muh naru' sebukuh
where you have tied knots

00:03:18mala lem edto kaneh tauh nepu'un naru' midih sinih
to say on which particular day we will start the work

00:03:21medting neh dulun
so people arrive

00:03:23am dulun mala, "oooh kinih ken mula' rigit berey neh ngen tauh"
and no-one says, "this is how much money she will give us"

00:03:29atau, "oooh kinih kenmula' tudtu' berey neh kuh siwa utung utung tauh marih"
or, "this is how much salt she will give in exchange for our time"

00:03:35am lemulun mala kineh
people didn't say things like that

00:03:36marih ayu' tideh
they just came

00:03:37la' mada' buluh pegerai'
they wanted to show their love all together

00:03:39la' mada' buluh teh dulun
they wanted to show their love for others

00:03:40adi' meto' dulun mala na'am lun Kelabit lun beken lah
and after all the Kelabit are not strangers

00:03:44ideh dengeruyung tineh ngabi
they are all family

00:03:46marih nideh
so they come

00:03:48mey nideh lungo ngi ruma' kadang mudih
and they go and stay in your longhouse

00:03:52am tideh lungo ngi ruma' iko sebuleng
they don't necessarily all stay with you

00:03:54asal dih ruma' kadang
as long as its a longhouse

00:03:55ruma' iih peh ineh na'an
whoever's house it is

00:03:57ruma' lun ruyung iko tineh neh ngabi
whether it's with your relatives

00:03:59lun ruyung ideh tineh neh
or with their relatives

00:04:00lungo nideh ngineh
they stay there

00:04:01adi' iko meman deh teh
but you feed them

00:04:04ko meman deh lem kendadan deh naru' midih sineh
you feed them for as long as they are working

00:04:08ken men ngilad ko'
it was different in the past

00:04:09ken edteh enun deh
what did they have!

00:04:11na'am teh kapek deh mula'-mula'
they didn't have many axes

00:04:14tuda' burur teh nuk inan kapek ih
only a few of them had axes

00:04:16madi' teh kapek dedih neh
and they were small

00:04:18kinih ken merar tidih kedeh
this is how big they were

00:04:20madi' teh kapek dedih nuk inan kapek ih
the axes were small for those who had them

00:04:22tungul dedih iten deh
they also brought their machete

00:04:25pakai ineh nideh mey nebpeng kayuh ih
they used those to cut down the trees

00:04:28adi' meto' ideh mala, am dih lem edteh edto, dueh edto
and so they said it wasn't a matter of one or two days

00:04:32lem migu-migu ih tideh
it was a matter of weeks

00:04:33inan deh mey nebpeng kayuh
that they were chopping trees

00:04:36ngi edteh kanan tu'en deh neretek na'ah ih
at a place that they agreed on

00:04:39ngi ridtu' engi inan nih kedeh ko'
that's the place over there, they say

00:04:41ridtu' engi pengeh eh... kinih ken rayeh tu'en tauh nebpeng
that place... this is how much we will chop down

00:04:46keli' deh nidih
they know it (the place)

00:04:47tak ideh nebpeng kayuh nuk ineh na'an neh
if they chop down the trees there

00:04:50lit raki' ayu' teh ridtu' ineh na'an siren muh let mado
then you will be able to see the cut from afar

00:04:54raki' tidih siren deh
it will be a clear cut

00:04:57pengeh nideh neretek ngapeh dih
after they have decided where it will be

00:05:00neh nideh mey
then they go

00:05:01neh niko meman deh kuma' ideh naru' ineh neh
then you feed them whilst they are working

00:05:04meman deh
you feed them

00:05:05muli' deh na'an neh
and when they come back

00:05:06mirup nideh
they drink

00:05:07na'an-na'an nuk tu'en muh ngedeh
there are lots of different things that you do for them

00:05:09lem kuma' ken dadan deh naru' midih sineh
for as long they are working on it

00:05:13pengeh beto' ineh na'an neh
and when it's finished

00:05:17neh neh siren dulun beto' idih
and people see it

00:05:19"oooh ngi kawang Pun Lalud ih sineh neh," kedeh
they'll say, "that's Pun Lalud's "kawang""

00:05:25kadi' neh ngilad keyh
so in the past

00:05:27penu' lem inih nih ngen kawang senaru' deh ngen dulun
this area was full of kawangs that they made for people

00:05:31kawang Pun Lalud neh sengi
Pun Lalud's "kawang" over there

00:05:34kawang Udan Turun neh sengi
Udan Turun's "kawang" over there

00:05:40kineh-kineh tidih
it was like that

00:05:41keli' dulun ngabi teh iih uwan kawang sengi
everyone knew which "kawang" was for which person

00:05:44na'an-na'an kawang
there were lots of different kawangs

00:05:47pengeh beto' kawang ih na'an neh
when the kawang is finished

00:05:49iten deh edteh ena' kedeh, edteh la'al teka'uk
they take a rooster, they say

00:05:54iten deh la'al teka'uk sineh let tungey keyh
they take that rooster from here

00:05:58tu'en deh ngerereng nidih lemuned kawang na'ah ih
and they put it down in the middle of the kawang

00:06:02dih tideh buro nedteh
and then they leave

00:06:03dih tidih kira pengeh
and it's more or less finished

00:06:05pu' ayam la'al sineh, anada' tieh
the poor chicken, poor thing

00:06:08ngudeh nideh am muit edteh nuk sinan ieh ruyung neh keyh?
why didn't they bring a hen to keep him company?

00:06:11sebuleng nieh suk tedtan deh ngineh
they left him on his own

00:06:13taru'-taru' ieh nieh tedtan deh
they left him to do his own thing

00:06:15kadi' neh lun Kelabit kedideh mala
that's why the Kelabit say

00:06:20tana' inih nih Kelabit Highlands
this land is the Kelabit Highlands

00:06:22ngudeh deh mala dih Kelabit Highlands?
and why do they call it the Kelabit Highlands?

00:06:25inan tanda' nideh lem tana' sinih rayeh-rayeh
their marks are all over the land

00:06:29doo' idih luun puun sineh neh, luun apad sineh neh
even on the hills, on the mountain range

00:06:32na'am tebey' deh nenaru' apad ih ko' lati' keyh, Bulan
they didn't farm the mountain, Bulan

00:06:36am pernah deh nenaru' idih ko' lati'
they never farmed it

00:06:38kadi' neh tanda' dedih senaru' deh
but those are their marks

00:06:41neh nideh nenada' lem inih rayeh-rayeh
they have marked it all around

00:06:43kadi' nideh kereb mala in the Highland of Kelabit
and that's why they can say it's the Kelabit Highlands

00:06:46ruma', inih tana' Tana Tinggi lun Kelabit
this is the Kelabit Highlands

00:06:51kadi' senudi' deh nidih rayeh-rayeh luun apad ih pengeh
because they've made marks throughout the Highlands on the mountain range

00:06:56lem pulung ih pun inan teh nuk senaru' deh
and they have done things in the forest as well

00:07:00batuh-batuh senuped, nuk kayu' ineh ih
things like errected stones

00:07:02adi' nideh la' mala oh tana' kamih nih
so they say this is our land

00:07:05tana' lun Kelabit inih nih
this is Kelabit land

00:07:06inan tanda' ngen kenep-kenep nuk inan kedeh
there are marks in every place

00:07:09kawang neh neh edteh tanda' nuk leng-leng perlu ngen lun Kelabit
so the kawang is the most important mark for the Kelabit